Bryophytes+(mosses)

**Introduction to Plants** Note: this worksheet was provided by SMG. Minor changes made by ED.

Download a DOCX of this worksheet:. Download a PDF of this worksheet:.

Plants appeared in the biosphere around .............................. years ago. They evolved from .............................. ancestors in the ocean.

1. multicellular, .............................. organisms that carry out .............................. 2. have cell walls made of .............................. 3. they develop from .............................. protected by tissues of the parent plant
 * Definition of plants: **

1. Non-vascular plants 2. Spore-producing plants \ 3. Gymnosperms | à  .............................. vascular plants 4. Angiosperms /
 * Four main varieties of plants include: **

Animals are .............................. throughout their entire lives. A haploid egg and sperm fuse to create a diploid ............................... Animals do .......... undergo alternation of generations. Plants however, go through an alternation of generations where one generation is .............................. (2n) and the other is haploid (n). These generations can look quite different from each other.
 * Alternation of Generations **
 * //Gametophyte generation //** — is the .............................. plant generation that produces .............................. gametes
 * //Sporophyte Generation //** — is the .............................. plant generation that produces .............................. spores

· Haploid .............................. are the first cells of the gametophyte generation. (They do not fuse with another cell.) A spore will undergo .............................. to produce all haploid cells of various structures of the gametophyte plant. · Specialized parts of the haploid gametophyte produce haploid ........................... An egg and a sperm fuse during ...................... to produce the ........................ zygote. · The zygote, the first cell in the sporophyte generation, undergoes ........................ to become an embryo which then matures to form a ...................... sporophyte plant. **NON-VASCULAR PLANTS ** · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">first appeared about ............................................................ years ago · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">include: (see text page 437 for pictures)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Generalized Plant Life cycle: **
 * //<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Haploid Gametophyte Generation //**
 * //<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Diploid Sporophyte Generation //**


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Common name ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Division ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Number of Species ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">1. Mosses ||  ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2. Liverworts || <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Hepatophyta || <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">65 000 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">3. Hornworts || <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Anthocerophyta ||  ||

<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">1. Lack true .............................., .............................. and .............................. and they do not have .............................. .............................. to transport materials throughout the plant body 2. Usually grow: · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">in dense .............................., and; · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">in .............................. environments 3. Live on: · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">moist .............................. · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">bare ..............................  · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">dead ..............................  · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">buildings
 * //<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Characteristics of non-vascular plants //**

Mosses can reproduce asexually by ...................................... or sexually.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">BRYOPHYTES (Mosses) **<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">– are a type of non-vascular plant

<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">The full life cycle of mosses include an alternation of generation. 1. .......................... spores produced by meiosis are the first cells of the ............................ generation. The spores are carried by .............................. or by .............................. 2. If the spore lands on suitable soil, the protective layer splits and it ............................, divides rapidly by .............................. and grows into a ................................................ plant (this resembles filamentous green algae). 3. As the gametophyte plant matures, sex organs are formed. The male sex organ called .............................. is tiny and shaped like an elongated balloon. .............................. cells are produced in the antheridium. The female sex organ called the .............................. is also tiny and is shaped like a bowling pin. A haploid .............................. is produced in the archegonium. 4. When the sperm are mature they are released from the antheridia and if .............................. is present, they swim to and down the neck of the archegonia. Once the sperm fertilizes the egg, the zygote forms and marks the beginning of the .............................. generation. 5. The embryo continues to grow in the new .............................. plant (which looks like a thin, ............................................................ but remains embedded in the archegonium which supplies nearly all of the .............................. needed for growing the .............................. plant. 6. The top of the stalk enlarges into a .............................. and releases haploid .............................., the first cells of the .............................. generation.
 * //<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Life Cycle of Bryophytes //**

<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">1. · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">moss grow in open, wet environments such as .............................. which are found in Boreal regions around the world · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">as moss begins to .............................. they accumulate and compress the older layers of moss · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">due to the constant wetness and lower levels, the moss layers only partially decay and are referred to as .............................. or .............................. (can be more than .......... m deep) · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">dried peat has been used for centuries as .............................. · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Canada is the .............................. largest producer of peat moss after Germany and Russia FYI: Human and other animal bodies dating back thousands of years are often found in bogs (so-called “bog bodies”). Sometimes they are so well preserved that fingerprints and tattoos can be seen on their skin, hundreds of years after their death.
 * //<span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">Significance of Bryophytes //**

2. · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">peat bogs affect the ............................................................  · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">bogs store large amounts of ..............................; as the bogs are removed, there is less storage of CO2, more CO2 in the .............................. which contributes to · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">the .............................. effect · <span style="font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif';">an increase in CO2 is the main cause of .............................. .............................. ..............................